Biochemicals

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Introduction The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structure of the cell membrane. The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy exchange, and transmission of information. These functions are conducted at the cell membrane by membrane proteins. In membrane biochemistry research, membrane proteins are solubilized and purified to study their structure and function. Proteins bound to cell membranes have hydrophobic sites buried within the phospholipid bilayers...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds hat coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Chemical Structure Introductiontron Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion....

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Chemical Structure Product Description ALC is utilized for colorimetric detection of fluoride ion. A red solution of the La(III) or Ce(III) complex turns blue in the presence of fluoride ions. The maximum wavelength of the fluoride complex is 620 nm at pH 4-5. As little as 0.1 to 1 ppm of fluoride ion can be determined using this method. The structure of this complex has been reported as La2L2F2, (La5L4F2)n or Ce5L4F4 (L: ALC). ALC is insoluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water,...

Chemical Structure Product Description Arsemate is soluble in pyridine and chloroform, but insoluble in water and other organic solvents. For arsenic detection, a 0.5% Arsemate/pyridine solution is used. The sample should be treated with sulfuric acid, 15% potassium iodide, and 40% SnCl2/HCl solution to convert arsenic to AsH3. Arsemate reacts with AsH3 in pyridine and forms red colloidal silver with a maximum wavelength at 520-540 nm. The detection range of arsenic using the Arsemate/pyridine...

Chemical Structure Product Description Azomethine H is a colorimetric reagent for boron detection; it forms an orange complex with boron in aqueous solution. The molar absorptivity of this complex is 1.01x104 at 415 nm. The detection range of boron in sample solutions is 1-6 μg per ml. To detect boron in plant samples, EDTA is used to mask copper, iron, and aluminum ions. Azomethine H is used to detect microgram levels of boron in glass and steel samples. ...

Product Description Bathocuproinedisulfonic acid is a water-soluble analog of bathocuproine that emits fluorescence under UV light. Since the Bathocuproine-Cu(I) complex formed by this analog is water-soluble, Cu(I) can be determined by direct measurement of the assay solution at 483-522 nm without solvent extraction. The molar absorptivity of the bathocuproinedisulfonic acid-Cu(I) complex is 1.2x104. Dr. Faizullah developed a system to quickly determine Cu(I) at around 30 ppm by using...

Product Description Bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid, disodium salt is a water-soluble derivative of Bathophenanthroline. It is insoluble in organic solvents. Its pKa1 and pKa2 are 2.83 and 5.20, respectively. Due to its high water solubility, Bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid can be used to detect Fe(II) in aqueous samples such as blood or biological fluids. The detection range of Fe2+ using Bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid is 0.25-4 ppm at 535 nm. The molar absorptivity of the complex...

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Product Description of BIGCHAPs BIGCHAP and deoxy-BIGCHAP are non-ionic detergents based on a cholic acid and a bisglucon-amidopropyl group. The CMC values are 2.9 mM and 1.4 mM, respectively. BIGCHAP and deoxy-BIGCHAP are easily removed by dialysis, and their absorption in the UV region is very low. Introduction The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structure of the cell membrane. The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy exchange, and transmission of...

Product Description The NAS11-8 glass electrode is utilized as a selective sodium ion sensor. However, it is easily spoiled by biomaterials in sample solutions. Bis(12-crown-4), a sodium ionophore, is 100 times more selective for sodium than potassium in the PVC electrode using NPOE as a plasticizer. The same selectivity for sodium over potassium is reported when Bis(12-crown-4) is used on a coated wire electrode. It can be used in either a liquid membrane or a PVC membrane. TFPB, a lipophilic...

Product Description Bis(benzo-15-crown-5) is a potassium selective ionophore. Its potassium ion selectivity is almost equal to that of valinomycin, which is a wellknown neutral carrier for the potassium ion in nature. This reagent, combined with NPOE as a plasticizer, is the most recommended ionophore for potassium-selective PVC membrane electrodes. This ionophore also forms a thallium complex, so it can be used for thallium sensors. Chemical Structure Ion selectivity: LogKt(K/Na):-3.6,...

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Product Description Bisthiourea-1 is a chloride-selective neutral ionophore, and it is utilized for preparation of chloride electrodes. Bisthiourea-1 forms a 1:1 complex with chloride ion. The detection limit of chloride ion using Bisthiourea-1 is (6.5+3.0) x 10-6 M.

Product Description BT in aqueous solution changes color according to pH: red at pH<6, blue at pH 7-11, and orange at pH>12. Its proton dissociation constants are reported to be pKa2=6.3 and pKa3=11.55 (m=0.08, 20ºC). BT is one of the most commonly used indicators of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and rare earth metals for EDTA chelate titration. BT solution turns red in the presence of the metals at pH 10, and then changes to blue at the endpoint of the titration. Cu and Fe(III), as well as...

Product Description C14-K22B5 is the best magnesium selective ionophore. The PVC membrane stability is improved by this ionophore’s high lipophilicity due totetraoctadecane and adamantyl groups. C14-K22B5 has a linear response between 1x10-5 M and 0.1 M magnesium ion. Chemical Structure ...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Product Description Calcein is a fluorescent metal indicator for calcium detection with EDTA titration. It is slightly soluble in water. The proton dissociation constants are reported to be pKa1=2.1, pKa2=2.9, pKa3=4.2, pKa4=5.5, pKa5=10.8 and pKa6=11.7. Calcein solution emits a yellowish-green fluorescence in acidic conditions, and no fluorescence in basic conditions. However, Calcein will emit fluorescence in the presence of metal ions such as Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn in basic conditions....

Product Description Calcein Blue is a fluorescent metal indicator in EDTA titration. It is highly soluble in alkaline solutions, but slightly soluble in water. Its proton dissociation constants are reported to be pKa1=2.45, pKa2=7.24 and pKa3=11.3. Calcein Blue solution emits bright blue fluorescence (λem=445 nm) at pH 4-11, but no fluorescence at pH 12 or higher. The blue fluorescence of the Calcein Blue solution at pH 4-11 is quenched by metal ions such as Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb. However,...

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Product Description Cesibor is a cesium ion selective tetraphenylborate compound, and is utilized as a precipitation reagent for cesium ion. Cesibor can precipitate only cesium ion from a mixture of ammonium, potassium, and cesium ions. Chemical Structure ...

Product Description of CHAPS and CHAPSO CHAPS and CHAPSO are zwitter ionic detergents and have cholic acid and sulfobetaine moieties in their structures. Their low background absorbance in the UV region is an attractive feature for the UV monitoring of membrane proteins. The CMC values of both CHAPS and CHAPSO are 8 mM. Introduction The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structure of the cell membrane. The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy exchange,...

Mbr> Product Description of CHAPS and CHAPSO CHAPS and CHAPSO are zwitter ionic detergents and have cholic acid and sulfobetaine moieties in their structures. Their low background absorbance in the UV region is an attractive feature for the UV monitoring of membrane proteins. The CMC values of both CHAPS and CHAPSO are 8 mM. Introduction The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structure of the cell membrane. The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy...

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Product Description Cu-PAN, a mixture of Cu-EDTA and pyridylazo-naphthol PAN, is a very popular metal indicator for chelatometry. Usually, 20-50% aqueous dioxane (or isopropyl alcohol) or 50-70% aqueous methanol (or ethanol) is used as a solvent (1 g Cu-PAN per 100 ml solvent). The solution should be heated during the chelating titration. ...

Product Description Cyanoline Blue is a mixture of monopyrazolone and bispyrazolone. It is used as a colorimetric reagent for CN- detection. The detection range of CN- by this method is 5 ppb to 10 ppm. The maximum wavelength is 620 nm. A ready-to-use solution can be prepared by dissolving 0.27 g Cyanoline Blue in 20 ml pyridine, followed by dilution with 100 ml of water. The solution is stable for one week at 4 oC. Cyanoline Blue is also used to detect SCN-, OCN-, NH3, and vitamin B12. ...

Chemical Structure Product Description CyDTA is utilized for masking various metal ions. The two amino groups of CyDTA are in the trans formation, and its free acid is watersoluble. CyDTA chelates at a slower rate than EDTA with metal ions, especially Al, C, Ni, and Zr. However, the stability constants of CyDTAmetal complexes are higher than that of EDTA. Dojindo offers highly purified CyDTA for use as a masking reagent on automatic amino acid analyzers. It does not interfere with the...

Chemical Structure Product Description D-Luciferin is a firefly luciferase substrate. Its quantum efficiency is 0.88, which is 20 times that of Luminol. The reaction mechanism is shown below. First, Luciferin reacts with ATP by luciferase in the presence of magnesium ion, then it is oxidized to form dioxetane structure and emits yellow-green light. Luciferin-luciferase luminescence is used for ATP monitoring to determine cell viability and bacteria counting. It is also used for reporter gene...

Product Description DAN is a highly selective colorimetric and fluorometric reagent for Se detection. This reagent is almost insoluble in cold water and alcohol, but it is higly soluble in water at 50ºC. DAN forms 4,5-benzopiaselenol by the complex with Se, and this complex is extracted with chloroform, toluene, or cyclohexane. Since the Se complex is volatile, Se can be determined by gas chromatography. Further, DAN generates fluorescent naphthalenetriazole by the reaction with nitrite ion,...

Product Description of BIGCHAPs The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structure of the cell membrane. The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy exchange, and transmission of information. These functions are conducted at the cell membrane by membrane proteins. In membrane biochemistry research, membrane proteins are solubilized and purified to study their structure and function. Proteins bound to cell membranes have hydrophobic sites buried within the...

Product Description Detergent Screening Sets are used to find the best detergent for an application, such as enzyme stabilization, specific membrane protein isolation, assay development, protein crystallization, protein refolding, and so on. Detergent Screening Set (first choice-II) contains commonly used detergents for membrane protein isolation. Detergent Screening Set (for crystallization) contains detergents commonly used for protein crystallization. Introduction The phospholipid bilayer...

Product Description Diantipyrylmethane is a colorimetric reagent for Ti detection, and is also used as a gravimetric and solvent extraction reagent for various kinds of metal ions. This reagent is readily soluble in mineral acids and organic solvents, and slightly soluble in benzene (1.7%) and carbon tetrachloride (0.28%). Diantipyrylmethane forms a yellow complex with Ti in 0.5-4.0 M HCl solution (λmax=385-390 nm, ε=15,000). The resulting Ti complex can be extracted by organic solvents in the...

Product Description Dibenzyl-14-crown-4 is 200 times more selective for lithium than for sodium or potassium. Though Dibutyl-phenanthroline is 1,000 times more selective for lithium than sodium at a controlled pH, Dibenzyl-14-crown-4 is less pH-sensitive. Selectivity: LogKpot(Li/Na): -2.5, LogKpot(Li/K): -2.3, LogKpot(Li/Cs): -1.6, LogKpot(Li/Rb): -2.2, LogKpot(Li/NH4): -3.1, LogKpot(Li/H): -3.2, LogKpot(Li/Mg): -4.3, LogKpot(Li/Ca): -4.9, LogKpot(Li/Ba): -4.7, LogKpot(Li/Sr): -4.3...

Chemical Structure Product Description The stability constant of the DTPA-metal complex is the second highest, next only to the CyDTA-metal complex. DTPA is a free acid that has low solubility in water. DTPA is useful as a strong masking reagent. It is also used for the extraction of metal ions such as Al, Fe, Ma, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ni from soil at pH 5.3. Table of Stability Constants ...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Chemical Structure Introduction In biological experiments, it is important to maintain the pH of the solutions used. Buffers, mixtures of appropriate weak acids, and their conjugate bases, are usually used. Most biological reactions occur at a neutral pH, from 6 to 8; the buffer needs to be effective in this range. Furthermore, the acids and bases used in the buffer should not produce chelates with metal ions, which are essential in biological systems. For these reasons, Dr. Good developed...

Chemical Structure Introduction Organic compounds that coordinate metal ions into circular structures (chelate circles) are called chelating reagents. Most chelating reagents include oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atoms in their molecules. Chelate structures with five or six member rings form the most stable chelate circle. In chelating reactions of typical chelating reagents, such as ethylenediamine, acetylacetone, and oxine, several molecules are coordinated with one metal ion. Ethylenediamine...

Product Description Amyloidosis, a disease which has been identified as a particular disorder by the Japanese Ministry of Health, is an illness that involves an abnormal protein called amyloid that has a β sheet structure, aggregates in fibers, and is deposited on the outside of internal organs and systems, inhibiting the function of those organs and systems. Disorders among many Japanese include immunocytic amyloidosis (AL amylodosis), responsive AA amyloidsis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy...

Calcium Chelation Product Description EGTA is the most widely used calcium- selective chelator. The calcium complex of EGTA is 100,000 times more stable than its Mg complex. It is utilized to prepare calcium buffers and control the calcium ion concentration. Table of Stability Constants ...